Biodiversity and populations — Question 4

4

a)

$•\,\mathrm{d}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\,\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{t}\,\mathrm{s}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\,[1\,\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{k}]\,$

$•\,\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\,\mathrm{S}\mathrm{D}\mathrm{I}\,=\,0.37\,[1\,\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{k}]\,$

For substitution, accept: 1 −77 × 76 + 14 × 13 + 8 × 7 99 × 98

1 −5852 + 182 + 56 9702

1 −6090 ₉₇₀₂

or other suitable response consistent with a reasonable understanding.

4

b)

Belt transects are used for abundance and distribution of species. Random quadrats can be used for abundance, not distribution, and line transects can be used for distribution, not abundance. Random sampling doesn’t take into account strata (different areas) and may not cover all areas of habitat equally, giving inaccurate measures of diversity and abundance.

• states 3 reasons

3 marks

Reasons include: belt transects gather species types and abundance random sampling does not consider strata line transects only consider distribution.

• states 2 reasons

2 marks

• states a reason

1 mark

• does not satisfy any of the descriptors above.

0

4

c)

The locations of belt transects were chosen to take strata into account.

• states a way to minimise bias [1 mark]

Ways to minimise bias include: location of belt transacts use of multiple transects size of sample (100 m x 10 m is a large sample, and there are three of them).